{"id":38389,"date":"2026-01-15T08:19:20","date_gmt":"2026-01-15T08:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iho-us.org\/?p=38389"},"modified":"2026-01-15T09:06:38","modified_gmt":"2026-01-15T09:06:38","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iho-us.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b4%d8%b1%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646:
\n– \u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649)
\n– \u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a
\n– \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a
\n– \u0639\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a
\n\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629)
\n2. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a
\n3. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a
\n4. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a: \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a:<\/strong>
\n1. \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a:
\n– \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a
\n– \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629: “\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628” \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648
\n2. \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0629:
\n– \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642
\n– \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629
\n– \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f (PH 4.5-5.5)
\n3. \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a:
\n– \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 (Biofilm)<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a:<\/strong>
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631: \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646
\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633: \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0621-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f
\n\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0627\u062a
\n\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u0629: \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>
\n1. \u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628
\n2. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627)
\n3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d
\n4. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629:<\/strong>
\n1. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a:
\n– \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 S. epidermidis \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/p>\n

2. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0643:
\n– \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/p>\n

3. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629:
\n– \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629: \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642:
\n– \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a)<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627:<\/strong>
\n1. “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0645\u0629” : \u274c \u062e\u0637\u0623 – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629
\n2. “\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629” : \u274c \u062e\u0637\u0623 – 99% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629
\n3. “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b” : \u274c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a:<\/strong>
\n1. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629: \u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646
\n2. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0629: \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629
\n3. \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a
\n4. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631: \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a
\n5. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635: \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629.
\n\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641:
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a:<\/strong>
\n\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 IHO \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646.
\n\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f : \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644
\n\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629
\n\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a (Skin Microbiome)
\n1. Grice, E. A., & Segre, J. A. (2011). The skin microbiome. Nature Reviews Microbiology , 9(4), 244-253.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644
\n2. Byrd, A. L., Belkaid, Y., & Segre, J. A. (2018). The human skin microbiome. Nature Reviews Microbiology , 16(3), 143-155.
\n– \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a
\n3. Chen, Y. E., Fischbach, M. A., & Belkaid, Y. (2018). Skin microbiota-host interactions. Nature , 553(7689), 427-436.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a
\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629
\n4. Salem, I., Ramser, A., Isham, N., & Ghannoum, M. A. (2018). The gut microbiome as a major regulator of the gut-skin axis. Frontiers in Microbiology , 9, 1459.
\n– \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0621-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629
\n5. Renz, H., et al. (2018). Food allergy and the gut-skin axis. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology , 15(1), 1-2.
\n– \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a
\n6. Lolou, V., & Panayiotidis, M. I. (2019). Functional role of probiotics and prebiotics on skin health and disease. Fermentation , 5(2), 41.
\n– \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629
\n7. Krueger, J. G., & Brunner, P. M. (2018). Interleukin-17 alters the biology of many cell types involved in psoriasis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology , 138(4), 731-735.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a
\n8. Gupta, V. K., et al. (2019). Geography, ethnicity or subsistence-specific variations in human microbiome composition and diversity. Frontiers in Microbiology , 10, 116.
\n– \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a
\n9. Ying, S., et al. (2015). The influence of age and gender on skin-associated microbial communities in urban and rural human populations. PLoS ONE , 10(10), e0141842.
\n– \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629
\n10. Kober, M. M., & Bowe, W. P. (2015). The effect of probiotics on immune regulation, acne, and photoaging. International Journal of Women’s Dermatology , 1(2), 85-89.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629
\n11. Dagnelie, M. A., Corvec, S., Saint-Jean, M., & Khammari, A. (2018). Decrease in diversity of Propionibacterium acnes phylotypes in patients with severe acne. European Journal of Dermatology , 28(4), 442-456.
\n– \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629
\n12. WHO. (2020). Global report on the epidemiology of skin diseases . World Health Organization.
\n– \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b
\n13. Hay, R. J., et al. (2014). The global burden of skin disease in 2010: an analysis of the prevalence and impact of skin conditions. Journal of Investigative Dermatology , 134(6), 1527-1534.
\n– \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629
\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (2020-2024)
\n14. Boxberger, M., et al. (2021). Challenges in exploring and manipulating the human skin microbiome. Microbiome , 9(1), 125.
\n– \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b
\n15. Ferguson, F. M., & Gray, N. S. (2023). Skin microbiome modulation for disease prevention. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery , 22(3), 205-223.
\n– \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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