Bacterial Tuberculosis and Modern Prevention Methods
Bacterial tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest infectious diseases known to humankind and continues to pose a global public health challenge, particularly in developing countries. It is caused by a type of bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease primarily affects the lungs; however, it may also involve other organs such as the bones, kidneys, nervous system, and lymph nodes.
First: Causative Agent and Mechanism of Transmission
Bacterial tuberculosis is transmitted through the air when a person with active pulmonary TB coughs, sneezes, or speaks, releasing tiny droplets that contain the bacteria, which can then be inhaled by healthy individuals.
Not everyone exposed to the bacteria develops the disease immediately; the bacteria may remain dormant in the body for years without causing symptoms, a condition known as latent tuberculosis.
Second: Clinical Symptoms
- Chronic cough lasting more than three weeks
- Hemoptysis (coughing up blood) in some cases
- Weight loss
- Night sweats
- Fever and general fatigue
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis may present with organ-specific symptoms depending on the site of infection.
Third: Diagnosis and Treatment
The diagnosis of tuberculosis relies on several methods, including:
- Clinical examination
- Chest X-ray
- Sputum examination
- Modern molecular tests such as GeneXpert
Treatment requires the use of multiple antibiotics for a period of no less than six months. Full adherence to the treatment regimen is essential to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis, which represents one of the most serious current health challenges.
Fourth: Modern Prevention Methods
- Vaccination (BCG Vaccine)
The tuberculosis vaccine (BCG) is administered to newborns in many countries and helps prevent severe forms of the disease, particularly tuberculous meningitis in children.
- Early Detection and Preventive Treatment
Early detection programs for active cases and prompt treatment are among the most important prevention strategies. Preventive therapy is also provided to individuals with latent tuberculosis, especially those who have been in close contact with active cases.
- Modern Diagnostic Technologies
Rapid molecular diagnostic techniques have contributed to early and accurate detection, reducing the period of infectiousness and enabling timely initiation of appropriate treatment.
- Improving Ventilation and Infection Control
In enclosed spaces and healthcare facilities, improving ventilation, using face masks, and applying infection control measures are effective methods to limit disease transmission.
- Health Education
Community health education plays an important role in:
- Reducing the social stigma associated with the disease
- Encouraging patients to seek medical care
- Enhancing adherence to treatment
Guided by our responsibility toward the community,the International Health organization has worked to develop an integrated healthcare system
based on quality, efficiency, and sustainability.
We have achieved tangible accomplishments in improving the quality of healthcare services, expanding access, and enhancing the competencies of specialized professionals, in line with the highest recognized standards.
Our achievements were not merely numbers, but a real impact reflected in the health of individuals and their quality of life.
An organization that continues to work…to achieve better health for the community.
